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Apple: The Most Ancient Fruit in Earth's History and the Foundation of the Industry

• Etymology of the Name: The English apple and the German Apfel trace back to the ancient Indo-European root abol (ablu), which meant "spherical fruit". The French pomme comes from the Latin pomum, "fruit", while the Spanish manzana goes back to the Latin (mala) matiana, "apples of Matius". The Latin name malus has two meanings: "apple tree" and "evil", which in the Middle Ages reinforced the false association of the fruit with the "Fall of Man".
• Homeland in the Tien Shan: The history of the apple began more than 10,000 years ago in the Tien Shan mountains, in the territory of modern-day Kazakhstan. All varieties existing today trace their lineage back to a single ancestor — the wild Sievers apple tree. This tree survived the Ice Ages and became the biological basis for the world's most widespread fruit crop.
• A Mission of Survival: According to the research of Robert Spengler, the preservation of the apple tree as a species was facilitated by the process of endozoochory — ancient apple trees adapted to spread their seeds with the help of large animals (including dinosaurs) that ate the fruits. Later, humans picked up this relay.
• Journey Across the Continents: The apple spread along the Great Silk Road to the countries of the Persian Gulf and to China, while the army of Alexander the Great delivered the first saplings to Europe. In early medieval Europe, apples became the foundation of monastery and royal orchards from Normandy to the Rhine valley, where the first famous plantations were laid out.
• Genetic Superiority: The apple conceals an astonishing complexity: its genome contains about 57,000 genes. That is almost twice as many as in the human genome. This informational capacity allows the apple tree to adapt perfectly to any climatic changes.
• Debunking Myths: Linguists refute many "apple" legends. There is no direct reference to the apple as the "forbidden fruit" in the biblical texts — this is the result of retellers' errors. Even the legendary "apple of discord" that sparked the Trojan War turned out, upon closer study, to be a quince.
• Global Statistics and Leaders: The global apple harvest reaches 90 million tonnes annually. China is the absolute leader, accounting for almost 50% of the world's output. The United States ranks second (5.2%), Poland third (4%), being the main exporter of concentrate in Europe. France and Italy hold leading positions in Europe, with a notable share of the world output.
• Physics and Floating: An apple is 25% air, which allows the fruits to float and not sink in water. In industry, the crop is preserved for up to a year using controlled-atmosphere storage technology, which slows down the respiration of the fruit's cells.
• History of the Industry (1910): Industrial concentration of apple juice began in the 1910s in Germany and the United States. Initially, it was used to produce a long-storable "apple honey", while today apple concentrate is the most in-demand neutral raw material for multi-fruit beverages.
• Technological Standard (B2B): To obtain a perfectly clear concentrate, we apply deep enzymatic depectinization. This guarantees our partners the absence of "cloudiness" and sediment in their end product.